Muhammad Iqbal
1877-1938 · Islamic Philosophy · Known
Iqbal was an Indian Muslim poet and philosopher of the early twentieth century who wrote in Urdu and Persian, pressing Muslims to stop waiting and become selves with force in them, khudi. His Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam pictures a universe still being made, God as its creative life, and human beings taking a hand in the making. He drew on Rumi, Bergson and Nietzsche.
Signature
The position Iqbal is most identified with in the Profiler:
- Identity
- strongly leans Changing
- Agency
- Libertarian Free Will
Positions on the 1 axes the sources answer
- Identity
- strongly leans Changing (100 on a 0–100 scale from Unchanging to Changing)
19 of 20 axes are left blank: the sources do not answer them, or Iqbal refused the framing. Nothing is imputed; a blank is not a middling score.
Foundational questions
- Theology
- Non-Trinitarian Monotheism
What is your position on the existence and nature of God or gods? - Government
- Representative Democracy / Confessional State
What is your ideal form of government? - Highest Good
- Freedom
What is the highest good? - Good and Evil
- Moral Realism
What is the fundamental nature of good and evil? - Knowledge
- Intuition
What is the ultimate foundation of knowledge? - Ethics Basis
- Divine Command
What is the ultimate basis of ethics? - Agency
- Libertarian Free Will
What is the nature of human agency and freedom? - Beginning of Things
- Continuous Creation
What is the origin of reality? - Time
- Phenomenological Time
What is the fundamental shape of time? - Authority
- Divine Revelation
What is the legitimate source of authority? - Death
- Conditional Immortality
What happens at death? - Human Nature
- Imago Dei
What is human nature? - Primary Bond
- The Divine
What is your primary bond and loyalty?