Identity
Unchanging (0) — Changing (100) · one of the 20 worldview axes
The six statements
Each axis is measured by six statements answered on a five-point scale. Statements 1, 2 and 5 pull toward Unchanging; 3, 4 and 6 toward Changing.
- Underneath your changing thoughts and memories there is a real, continuous self that persists through all change.
- Even if every memory and personality trait of yours changed completely, the real you underneath would still be there.
- The self is nothing more than a stream of changing experiences and traits; there is no enduring core beneath them.
- When you look inward, you find thoughts and feelings, but you never find a separate experiencer behind them.
- A friend you have not seen in thirty years is still the same person; something real and continuous remained beneath all the changes.
- A person who loses all their memories and personality to severe amnesia has, in any meaningful sense, become someone new.
Toward Unchanging (81)
- 🐟 Empedocles of Acragas (Ἐμπεδοκλῆς ὁ Ἀκραγαντῖνος)0
- अ Abhinavagupta (अभिनवगुप्त)0
- 𓂀 William Blake0
- 💎 Kundakunda (Ācārya Kundakunda; Prakrit Kundakunda / Padmanandin)0
- 🧹 Vardhamana Mahavira (Nigantha Nataputta / Jnatrputra), महावीर वर्धमान0
- 🩺 Charaka / Caraka (चरक), redactor of the Carakasamhita (चरकसंहिता)0
- 🧎 Joseph Butler0
- 🧵 Mohandas K. Gandhi0
- ⏸️ J.M.E. McTaggart0
- 🎼 Maximus the Confessor0
- 🖼️ John of Damascus0
- 🎓 Thomas Reid0
- 🗺 Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López4
- 🏚 Valentinus (Οὐαλεντῖνος)5
- ⌛ Samuel Clarke6
- ⭕ Parmenides of Elea7
- 🎡 Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius8
- 🕌 Abu Hamid al-Ghazali9
- 🔖 Kumārila Bhaṭṭa10
- 💘 Augustine of Hippo10
- 🪜 Gregory of Nyssa10
- 🏛️ Plato13
- 💭 René Descartes13
- 同 Kang Youwei (康有為)15
- 🛖 Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk)15
- 🙏 Anselm of Canterbury15
- ✵ Emanuel Swedenborg (born Emanuel Swedberg)17
- ⊚ Kwame Gyekye17
- ♃ Marsilio Ficino17
- 智 Mou Zongsan (牟宗三)21
- 💫 Longchen Rabjam (Longchenpa)21
- ⦿ Nicolas Malebranche25
- ⊨ Peter Frederick Strawson25
- 🌘 Mani (Middle Persian Mānī; Syriac ܡܐܢܝ Mānī; Greek Μανιχαῖος; Latin Manichaeus)25
- 🔱 Lalleshwari (Lal Ded)25
- 🧶 Kabir (Kabir Das)25
- 退 Yi Hwang (Toegye)25
- 🦉 Aristotle25
- ☀️ Plotinus25
- 🐂 Thomas Aquinas25
- 🎶 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz25
- 👁️ George Berkeley25
- ➿ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel25
- 🕉️ Adi Shankara25
- 🛕 Ramanuja25
- 💊 Ibn Sina (Avicenna)25
- 🌺 Sri Ramakrishna25
- 🌅 Origen of Alexandria25
- 🎵 Hildegard of Bingen25
- Duns Scotus25
- 🪒 William of Ockham25
- ◐ Nicholas of Cusa25
- 🌳 Johannes Scotus Eriugena25
- 🔮 Helena Blavatsky25
- ⛪ John Zizioulas25
- 🦅 Marcus Tullius Cicero25
- 💡 Mulla Sadra25
- 🪢 Patañjali25
- 🪶 Lucius Annaeus Seneca25
- ◨ Epictetus of Hierapolis25
- 🎹 Pythagoras of Samos25
- ☧ Clement of Alexandria25
- ⚗️ Theophrastus von Hohenheim (Paracelsus)25
- ⚱️ Isaac Luria (ha-Ari)25
- 🎨 Zeno of Citium25
- 🧝 Giovanni Pico della Mirandola25
- 🔦 Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi25
- ⊙ Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi25
- 🧐 Claude Adrien Helvétius25
- 🦂 Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus)25
- 🐚 Madhva (Madhvacharya)25
- 👥 Plutarch of Chaeronea25
- 🌹 Mary Wollstonecraft25
- 🐢 Ge Hong28
- 🔍 Edmund Husserl29
- ☞ Moses Maimonides29
- 🕎 Philo of Alexandria29
- 💠 Anton Wilhelm Amo30
- 🪺 Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling31
- Θ Iamblichus of Chalcis32
- ☿ Hermes Trismegistus33
Between the poles (4)
- 🍀 Bernard Arthur Owen Williams50
- 🪐 Proclus Lycius Diadochus50
- 🔥 Giordano Bruno56
- ⚛️ Titus Lucretius Carus58
Toward Changing (56)
- ☪️ Muhammad Iqbal100
- ♀️ Simone de Beauvoir100
- 🗄️ Asaṅga (असङ्ग)100
- ☴ Bhadantacariya Buddhaghosa (Pali: Buddhaghosa)96
- 🎲 David Hume92
- 🚉 Derek Parfit91
- 🛞 Siddhattha Gotama / Siddhartha Gautama (सिद्धार्थ गौतम), the Buddha90
- 🏵️ Fazang (法藏)88
- ⚪ Sengzhao 僧肇86
- 💃 Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi85
- ✔️ A. J. Ayer82
- 🧘 Tsongkhapa Lobsang Drakpa81
- 🔇 Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus-era)81
- ⟳ Jorge Luis Borges80
- 🌿 William James79
- 🪷 Hōnen Shōnin (Genku)75
- 🌸 Nezahualcoyotl75
- 🐦 Charles Hartshorne75
- 空 Keiji Nishitani75
- 🎧 Gabriel Marcel75
- 🗨️ Jacques Lacan75
- 🎻 Theodor W. Adorno75
- 🪨 Martin Heidegger75
- 🤖 Julien Offray de La Mettrie75
- 💔 Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallaj75
- 場 Nishida Kitarō75
- 🖋️ Michel de Montaigne75
- 🖥️ Jean Baudrillard75
- 🛋️ Sigmund Freud75
- 🧠 Daniel Dennett75
- ✂️ Jacques Derrida75
- 🔓 Michel Foucault75
- 🌞 Tommaso Campanella75
- ⏳ Henri Bergson75
- ⚙️ Alfred North Whitehead75
- 🪞 Richard Rorty75
- 🕸️ Willard Van Orman Quine75
- 🔢 Bertrand Russell75
- 🚪 Jean-Paul Sartre75
- 🥸 Friedrich Nietzsche75
- 🎭 Arthur Schopenhauer75
- ♨️ Heraclitus of Ephesus75
- 🗂️ Denis Diderot75
- 信 Shinran (親鸞)75
- 👣 Guo Xiang (郭象), courtesy name Zixuan 子玄75
- 📅 Charles Fourier72
- 🌐 David Kellogg Lewis72
- 📘 Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar71
- 🌼 Mengzi (Mencius)69
- 坐 Dogen Zenji69
- 🥁 John Mbiti67
- ☂️ Paul Feyerabend67
- ☸ Bidiya Dandarovich Dandaron65
- 🗝 John Locke65
- ⛩️ Alan Watts62
- 🔭 Mario Augusto Bunge61
259 thinkers have no sourced position on this axis and are omitted rather than guessed.