Order
Vertical (0) — Horizontal (100) · one of the 20 worldview axes
The six statements
Each axis is measured by six statements answered on a five-point scale. Statements 1, 2 and 5 pull toward Vertical; 3, 4 and 6 toward Horizontal.
- Power should be distributed as equally as possible among people.
- Strict hierarchies tend to produce resentment and stagnation more than wisdom or good outcomes.
- Some people genuinely know better than others, and proper authority structures exist to put that knowledge in charge.
- Deferring to legitimate authorities and inherited traditions is a genuine good, not merely a constraint on freedom.
- Ordinary people, given good information and time to talk, can generally govern their own affairs as well as any expert would.
- A young doctor rightly defers to a senior colleague with decades of experience; pretending the two opinions weigh equally is a fiction that costs lives.
Toward Vertical (85)
- 👁️ George Berkeley0
- 🪖 Benito Mussolini0
- Θ Iamblichus of Chalcis5
- 🩺 Charaka / Caraka (चरक), redactor of the Carakasamhita (चरकसंहिता)6
- 🗻 Giulio Cesare Andrea 'Julius' Evola7
- 🌑 Dionysios the Areopagite7
- 🏛️ Plato8
- 🎡 Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius8
- ☥ René Guénon9
- ❦ John Calvin9
- ❄ Konstantin Nikolayevich Leontiev (Константин Николаевич Леонтьев)10
- ☴ Bhadantacariya Buddhaghosa (Pali: Buddhaghosa)12
- 🏵️ Fazang (法藏)12
- 💘 Augustine of Hippo12
- 🧱 Xunzi (Xun Kuang)12
- 🏙️ Abu Nasr al-Farabi12
- 🥸 Friedrich Nietzsche15
- 🌙 Levi ben Gershon (Ralbag)16
- 🦁 C.S. Lewis16
- 法 Han Fei16
- 退 Yi Hwang (Toegye)17
- ♨️ Heraclitus of Ephesus17
- ☀️ Plotinus17
- ☞ Moses Maimonides17
- 理 Zhu Xi17
- 🪛 Sir Francis Bacon17
- ✠ Sir Thomas More (Thomas Morus)19
- 🐘 Aśoka Maurya (अशोक; in his own inscriptions Devānāṃpiya Piyadasi)19
- 🔔 Motoori Norinaga (本居宣長)19
- 🗡️ Francisco Suárez19
- 🙏 Anselm of Canterbury19
- 仁 Kongzi (Confucius)19
- ✍ Celsus (Kelsos), author of The True Doctrine (Alethes Logos)20
- ✶ Dante Alighieri20
- 🖼️ John of Damascus20
- ✏️ Domingo Faustino Sarmiento20
- 📐 Auguste Comte21
- 🧮 Mo Di21
- 🪐 Proclus Lycius Diadochus21
- 🏺 Ptahhotep21
- ⚔️ Taqi ad-Din Ibn Taymiyyah22
- ⚜️ Edmund Burke22
- ⚘ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe25
- 👣 Guo Xiang (郭象), courtesy name Zixuan 子玄25
- ✿ Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (Novalis)25
- ⚭ Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (Владимир Сергеевич Соловьёв)25
- ✵ Emanuel Swedenborg (born Emanuel Swedberg)25
- 🌁 John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes25
- 🐅 Sun Tzu (Sun Wu)25
- ⚫ Zhou Dunyi (周敦頤)25
- 🎯 Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre25
- 🪸 Ernst Haeckel25
- ❓ Socrates25
- 🐂 Thomas Aquinas25
- 🧲 Anne Conway25
- ⭐ Hồ Chí Minh25
- 🌞 Tommaso Campanella25
- 🕉️ Adi Shankara25
- 📖 Ibn Rushd (Averroes)25
- 👑 Thomas Hobbes25
- 🎵 Hildegard of Bingen25
- 🔮 Helena Blavatsky25
- 🌼 Mengzi (Mencius)25
- 🦅 Marcus Tullius Cicero25
- 密 Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi)25
- 🎹 Pythagoras of Samos25
- 🐢 Ge Hong25
- 🏜️ Abu Zayd Abd ar-Rahman ibn Khaldun25
- 天 Dong Zhongshu25
- 🕯 Juan De La Cruz (John of the Cross)25
- 🔦 Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi25
- ☿ Hermes Trismegistus25
- 🦂 Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus)25
- 📙 Leo Strauss25
- 🐚 Madhva (Madhvacharya)25
- ➰ Giovanni Gentile25
- 气 Wang Fuzhi (Chuanshan)25
- 中 Sun Yat-sen25
- ⚱️ Isaac Luria (ha-Ari)30
- 🦉 Aristotle31
- 🥁 John Mbiti33
- 🚬 Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe34
- 📈 Florence Nightingale37
- 📏 Immanuel Kant37
- 坐 Dogen Zenji37
Between the poles (15)
- 🌎 Simon Bolivar (El Libertador)40
- 🜨 Carl Schmitt42
- 🐑 Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville42
- ⊚ Kwame Gyekye42
- 同 Kang Youwei (康有為)44
- 🪒 William of Ockham44
- Þ John Ronald Reuel Tolkien45
- 🧊 Maximilian Karl Emil Weber45
- 🚢 Otto Neurath50
- 🔭 Mario Augusto Bunge54
- 𓂀 William Blake55
- ⛵ Edward Wilmot Blyden58
- 頓 Dajian Huineng58
- 🔢 Bertrand Russell60
- 🤝 Martin Buber60
Toward Horizontal (70)
- 👹 Max Stirner (Johann Kaspar Schmidt)100
- 🌱 Gilles Deleuze100
- 🍞 Peter Kropotkin97
- 🏭 Robert Owen97
- 🌍 Thomas Sankara94
- ⛏️ Gerrard Winstanley86
- ✋ Ursula K. Le Guin86
- ◧ Frantz Fanon84
- 🏴 Mikhail Bakunin84
- 🗞️ Thomas Paine84
- 📘 Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar84
- ✒️ José Rizal83
- ⛓️💥 Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey)83
- ⧗ Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg)83
- Ⓐ Pierre-Joseph Proudhon82
- 🧵 Mohandas K. Gandhi81
- 👂 Hans-Georg Gadamer81
- 🔆 Zärʾä Yaʿqob80
- 🍄 Terence Kemp McKenna80
- 🏠 Jane Addams79
- 🪵 Henry David Thoreau79
- ⛩️ Alan Watts75
- 🌹 Mary Wollstonecraft75
- 🐊 Val Plumwood75
- 🌊 Futa Helu75
- 🌋 Georges Bataille75
- 📅 Charles Fourier75
- 🧐 Claude Adrien Helvétius75
- 🧫 Félix Guattari75
- 💬 Jürgen Habermas75
- 🧩 Jean-François Lyotard75
- 📺 Herbert Marcuse75
- 🎻 Theodor W. Adorno75
- ◉ Viola F. Cordova75
- 🎒 Paulo Freire75
- 🪧 Enrique Dussel75
- ✦ Kwame Nkrumah75
- ◯ Thích Nhất Hạnh75
- 🚶 Jean-Jacques Rousseau75
- 🕶️ John Rawls75
- 🧠 Daniel Dennett75
- 🔄 Thomas Kuhn75
- 🔓 Michel Foucault75
- 🦋 Zhuangzi75
- 🐉 Laozi75
- 🏫 John Dewey75
- 🪞 Richard Rorty75
- ❌ Karl Popper75
- 🤲 Kwasi Wiredu75
- 🗳️ Hannah Arendt75
- ☂️ Paul Feyerabend75
- ✊ Ernesto "Che" Guevara75
- ☭ Karl Marx75
- 🚪 Jean-Paul Sartre75
- 🦘 Søren Kierkegaard75
- 🗝 John Locke75
- ⚖️ Jeremy Bentham75
- 🏔️ José Carlos Mariátegui75
- 🏟️ Marsilius of Padua (Marsilio dei Mainardini)75
- 🎗️ Maximilien Robespierre75
- 🔗 bell hooks (Gloria Jean Watkins)75
- ⧉ William Edward Burghardt Du Bois75
- ✎ George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair)75
- 🪁 Benjamin Franklin75
- 🌈 Desmond Tutu72
- 🦬 Vine Deloria Jr.71
- 🔠 Rudolf Carnap69
- 🌲 Ralph Waldo Emerson66
- 📜 Thomas Jefferson62
- ∫ Albert Einstein62
230 thinkers have no sourced position on this axis and are omitted rather than guessed.